Klein’s focus is therefore in the field and the decisions of people such as firefighters, nurses, pilots and military personnel. It often involves uncertainty or missing information. Klein’s aim is to document the strengths and capabilities of decision makers in natural environments with high stakes, such as lost lives or millions of dollars down the drain. Rather than studying novices performing artificial tasks in the laboratory, naturalistic decision making involves the study of experienced decision makers performing realistic tasks. Sources of Power is an exploration of what Klein calls naturalistic decision making. This lack of application partly reflects the target of Klein’s research. The rare occasions where I see it referenced typically involve an argument that the conditions for the development of expertise do not exist in a particular domain.
However, throughout the growing application of behavioural science in public policy and the private sphere, I have rarely seen Klein’s work practically applied to improve decision making. Klein’s work on expert decision making has reached a broad audience through Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, and Klein’s adversarial collaboration with Daniel Kahneman ( pdf) has given his work additional academic credibility. Gary Klein’s Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions is somewhat of a classic, with the version I read being a 20th anniversary edition issued by MIT Press. Summary: An important book describing how many experts make decisions, but with a lingering question mark about how good these decisions actually are.
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